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en:tech:solarvilla [2024/06/27 01:27] – bullaren:tech:solarvilla [2026/08/12 12:15] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 The sun's energy reaches a daily average intensity of around 165 W/m² on the earth's surface. This can be used directly with photovoltaic systems. In Germany, the annual radiation output (GHI = Global Horizontal Irradiation) is about 1,056kWh/m² and in my adopted country of Thailand it is around 1,800kWh/m² per year. This data can be found in [[https://globalsolaratlas.info/map|GLOBAL SOLAR ATLAS]]. The sun's energy reaches a daily average intensity of around 165 W/m² on the earth's surface. This can be used directly with photovoltaic systems. In Germany, the annual radiation output (GHI = Global Horizontal Irradiation) is about 1,056kWh/m² and in my adopted country of Thailand it is around 1,800kWh/m² per year. This data can be found in [[https://globalsolaratlas.info/map|GLOBAL SOLAR ATLAS]].
  
-{{ :tech:ghi_world.png?direct&400 | GHI Worldwide}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:ghi_world.png?direct&400 | GHI Worldwide}}
  
 In addition to the fact that there is enough solar energy here in Thailand for use, the reliability of the local power supply (grid) leaves a lot to be desired. The electricity is often cut off for a few hours in heavy rain or when repair work is being carried out. Stupid because our water pump also needs electricity. The greatest possible independence from the grid would be a clear gain in convenience. There is (so far) no reimbursement system like in Germany here in Thailand. The roofing of the carport was the third argument. After all, it rains heavily here or in the blazing sun the (black) car roof reaches a temperature of over 80°C. In addition to the fact that there is enough solar energy here in Thailand for use, the reliability of the local power supply (grid) leaves a lot to be desired. The electricity is often cut off for a few hours in heavy rain or when repair work is being carried out. Stupid because our water pump also needs electricity. The greatest possible independence from the grid would be a clear gain in convenience. There is (so far) no reimbursement system like in Germany here in Thailand. The roofing of the carport was the third argument. After all, it rains heavily here or in the blazing sun the (black) car roof reaches a temperature of over 80°C.
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 An important parameter is the required power that the new solar system should provide. To estimate one should roughly know the consumption values of your own household. In [[de:tech:powermeter|PowerMeter]] I have already described how to record the power consumption. Here is an example of the daily consumption in our house: An important parameter is the required power that the new solar system should provide. To estimate one should roughly know the consumption values of your own household. In [[de:tech:powermeter|PowerMeter]] I have already described how to record the power consumption. Here is an example of the daily consumption in our house:
  
-{{ :tech:consumption_villa_.png?direct&500 |Daily Consumption (ex.)}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:consumption_villa_.png?direct&500 |Daily Consumption (ex.)}}
  
 In addition to the air conditioning, the main consumers are of course thecirculation pump of the pool. The total consumption of this sample day was 18.8kWh. Typically, our daily consumption is between 15kWh and 25kWh. Almost half (45%) of this amount is at night (6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.). The current maximum power requirement is around 5kW. In the worst case, however, this can go up to over 10kW if all 4 air conditioning systems, the pool and dwell pump, washing machine, water heater, etc. are in operation at the same time. However, 14.5kW is the maximum anyway, since the house is only connected to the grid with single phase and maximum of 63A. In addition to the air conditioning, the main consumers are of course thecirculation pump of the pool. The total consumption of this sample day was 18.8kWh. Typically, our daily consumption is between 15kWh and 25kWh. Almost half (45%) of this amount is at night (6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.). The current maximum power requirement is around 5kW. In the worst case, however, this can go up to over 10kW if all 4 air conditioning systems, the pool and dwell pump, washing machine, water heater, etc. are in operation at the same time. However, 14.5kW is the maximum anyway, since the house is only connected to the grid with single phase and maximum of 63A.
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 In recent years, the efficiency of solar panels has increased from 15% to over 20%. The efficiency mainly depends on the cell design as well as on the cell layout. Here is an overview of the most common versions: In recent years, the efficiency of solar panels has increased from 15% to over 20%. The efficiency mainly depends on the cell design as well as on the cell layout. Here is an overview of the most common versions:
  
-{{ :de:tech:solar_panels.png?direct&400 |Comparison}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solar_panels.png?direct&400 |Comparison}}
  
 My choice, also in terms of price and availability, felt on ''Half-cut mono PERC MBB'', i.e. a monocrystaline module with __M__ulti __B__ar __B__us which, according to the manufacturer, achieves an efficiency of 21.2%. My choice, also in terms of price and availability, felt on ''Half-cut mono PERC MBB'', i.e. a monocrystaline module with __M__ulti __B__ar __B__us which, according to the manufacturer, achieves an efficiency of 21.2%.
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 The carport is oriented a little more to the west with a south azimuth of +15°. This value results in any hardly measurable losses in yield. The best angle of inclination for the panels depends on the location of the installation and depends on the southern high point of the sun. The data for this can be calculated with the help of [[https://www.sunearthtools.com/index.php|Sun Earth Tools]]. Here the elevation for Dusseldorf (GER): The carport is oriented a little more to the west with a south azimuth of +15°. This value results in any hardly measurable losses in yield. The best angle of inclination for the panels depends on the location of the installation and depends on the southern high point of the sun. The data for this can be calculated with the help of [[https://www.sunearthtools.com/index.php|Sun Earth Tools]]. Here the elevation for Dusseldorf (GER):
  
-{{ :tech:azimut_dus.png?direct&400 |Elevation}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:azimut_dus.png?direct&400 |Elevation}}
  
 In Germany, the angle of inclination is between 30° and 40°. Here in Thailand, the midday sun is much more vertical and you get a maximum of 82° elevation. Incidentally, for the self-cleaning of the panels, you should take into account a tilt of at least 5°. Our carport roof has been given an incline of 6°, again due to the optics. In Germany, the angle of inclination is between 30° and 40°. Here in Thailand, the midday sun is much more vertical and you get a maximum of 82° elevation. Incidentally, for the self-cleaning of the panels, you should take into account a tilt of at least 5°. Our carport roof has been given an incline of 6°, again due to the optics.
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 <WRAP group> <WRAP group>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{ :tech:l-feed.png?direct&100|L-Feed}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:l-feed.png?direct&100|L-Feed}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{:tech:l-feet_mounting.png?direct&200 |}}+{{:media:tech:solarvilla:l-feet_mounting.png?direct&200 |}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 To seal the gaps, we need an UV-resistant EPDM sealing material. That turned out to be more difficult than expected. After a long research I found the company [[https://www.rinengsolar.com|https://www.rinengsolar.com]] in Taiwan via [[https://www.alibaba.com|Alibaba]], who produced 30m for me. The //EPDM Gasket// looks like this in cross section: To seal the gaps, we need an UV-resistant EPDM sealing material. That turned out to be more difficult than expected. After a long research I found the company [[https://www.rinengsolar.com|https://www.rinengsolar.com]] in Taiwan via [[https://www.alibaba.com|Alibaba]], who produced 30m for me. The //EPDM Gasket// looks like this in cross section:
  
-{{ :tech:edpm_gasket.jpeg?direct&200 |EPDM gasket}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:edpm_gasket.jpeg?direct&200 |EPDM gasket}}
  
 and is simply clamped between the panels. There is also a suitable EPDM adhesive tape for sealing the crossing points. and is simply clamped between the panels. There is also a suitable EPDM adhesive tape for sealing the crossing points.
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 <WRAP group> <WRAP group>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{ :de:tech:end_clamp.png?direct&100|}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:end_clamp.png?direct&100|}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{:de:tech:mid_clamp.png?direct&120 |}}+{{:media:tech:solarvilla:mid_clamp.png?direct&120 |}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 <WRAP group> <WRAP group>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{ :tech:car_port_top.jpg?direct&400|}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:car_port_top.jpg?direct&400|}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{:tech:car_port_side.jpeg?direct&300 |}}+{{:media:tech:solarvilla:car_port_side.jpeg?direct&300 |}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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    * Scalability up to 30kW in parallel operation    * Scalability up to 30kW in parallel operation
  
-{{ :tech:spf5000es.png?direct&500 |System overview}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:spf5000es.png?direct&500 |System overview}}
  
 In Thailand I was able to get this variant for around €920. In Thailand I was able to get this variant for around €920.
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 Therefore, the choice felt on the LiFePO<sub>4</sub> batteries. We installed 16 LiFePO<sub>4</sub> modules with 3.2V/310Ah from CATL, all together results in a maximum storage capacity of 15.8KWh. This is well above the typical night-time consumption of 11.25KWh mentioned above and should therefore be sufficient. In terms of costs, this is the largest single item at €2.048, more expensive than the 10 solar panels. The source of supply was again ALIBABA. Therefore, the choice felt on the LiFePO<sub>4</sub> batteries. We installed 16 LiFePO<sub>4</sub> modules with 3.2V/310Ah from CATL, all together results in a maximum storage capacity of 15.8KWh. This is well above the typical night-time consumption of 11.25KWh mentioned above and should therefore be sufficient. In terms of costs, this is the largest single item at €2.048, more expensive than the 10 solar panels. The source of supply was again ALIBABA.
  
-{{ :tech:solarbatt.jpeg?nolink&400 |Ready LiFePO4> battery block}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solarbatt.jpeg?nolink&400 |Ready LiFePO4> battery block}}
  
  
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 <WRAP group> <WRAP group>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{ :de:tech:bms_1.png?nolink&307|}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:bms_1.png?nolink&307|}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 <WRAP half column> <WRAP half column>
-{{:de:tech:bms_2.png?nolink&300 |}}+{{:media:tech:solarvilla:bms_2.png?nolink&300 |}}
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 Our finished connection cabinet looks like this from the inside: Our finished connection cabinet looks like this from the inside:
  
-{{ :tech:solar_breaker_board.png?direct&300 |Solar breaker board}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solar_breaker_board.png?direct&300 |Solar breaker board}}
  
 It might seem overwhelming at first, but let's go through it in order: It might seem overwhelming at first, but let's go through it in order:
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 Here is the entire system overview with the associated cable thicknesses. The 2AWG battery cable and the 12AWG solar panel cable are flexible variants. Here is the entire system overview with the associated cable thicknesses. The 2AWG battery cable and the 12AWG solar panel cable are flexible variants.
  
-{{ :tech:solar_kabel.png?direct&400 |Solar system overview}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solar_kabel.png?direct&400 |Solar system overview}}
  
 :!: Should the inverter have a total failure, you would quickly be left in the dark. It is therefore very clever if you also install a transfer switch in the house supply, which switches the house completely back to the grid if necessary. :!: Should the inverter have a total failure, you would quickly be left in the dark. It is therefore very clever if you also install a transfer switch in the house supply, which switches the house completely back to the grid if necessary.
  
-{{ :tech:transfer_switch.png?direct&300 |Automatic transfer switch}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:transfer_switch.png?direct&300 |Automatic transfer switch}}
  
  
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 Since we are dealing with considerable voltages and currents here, we have to take a closer look at the different types of connections. Let's start with the panels. The solar panels are fitted with MC4 plugs and sockets as standard. The mounted cables of the panels are so long that they can be connected directly to the neighboring module. We only have to lend a hand for the series connection at the end and the connection to the inverter. It is best to buy a set with MC4 plugs/sockets, crimping tool (2.5/4/6mm²) and MC4 keys for little money (12.00 €). Since we are dealing with considerable voltages and currents here, we have to take a closer look at the different types of connections. Let's start with the panels. The solar panels are fitted with MC4 plugs and sockets as standard. The mounted cables of the panels are so long that they can be connected directly to the neighboring module. We only have to lend a hand for the series connection at the end and the connection to the inverter. It is best to buy a set with MC4 plugs/sockets, crimping tool (2.5/4/6mm²) and MC4 keys for little money (12.00 €).
  
-{{ :tech:mc4_set.png?direct&300 |MC4 set}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:mc4_set.png?direct&300 |MC4 set}}
  
 The assembly is described in detail on the Internet (e.g. [[https://www.renogy.com/template/files/Manuals/TOOL-MC4.pdf|here]] ) and is very easy. The assembly is described in detail on the Internet (e.g. [[https://www.renogy.com/template/files/Manuals/TOOL-MC4.pdf|here]] ) and is very easy.
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 The battery blocks are connected to each other with metal rails and nuts, which are included in the scope of delivery. The battery connection on my CATL LiFePo<sub>4</sub> has an M6 thread. To connect the 16 balancer cables of the BMS to each cell we need a cable lug 18AWG(1mm²) to M6. For the connection between the two battery rows, the BMS, the 100A fuse and the inverter it is a 2AWG(35mm²) on M6 and M8. The right crimping tool for the 18AWG cable is again inexpensive everywhere. For the 2AWG you need a hydraulically supported variant to apply the mandatory force: The battery blocks are connected to each other with metal rails and nuts, which are included in the scope of delivery. The battery connection on my CATL LiFePo<sub>4</sub> has an M6 thread. To connect the 16 balancer cables of the BMS to each cell we need a cable lug 18AWG(1mm²) to M6. For the connection between the two battery rows, the BMS, the 100A fuse and the inverter it is a 2AWG(35mm²) on M6 and M8. The right crimping tool for the 18AWG cable is again inexpensive everywhere. For the 2AWG you need a hydraulically supported variant to apply the mandatory force:
  
-{{ :tech:crimp_35mm.png?direct&200 |Crimp tool 4-70mm2}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:crimp_35mm.png?direct&200 |Crimp tool 4-70mm2}}
  
 You could even get it here in Thailand in a well-stocked DIY store for around €40. You could even get it here in Thailand in a well-stocked DIY store for around €40.
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 ^ Image ^ Cable Diameter ^ Hole Diameter ^ ^ Image ^ Cable Diameter ^ Hole Diameter ^
-| {{ :tech:18awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 18AWG(1mm²) | M6 | +| {{ :media:tech:solarvilla:18awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 18AWG(1mm²) | M6 | 
-| {{ :tech:8awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 8AWG(10mm²) | M6 | +| {{ :media:tech:solarvilla:8awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 8AWG(10mm²) | M6 | 
-| {{ :tech:2awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 2AWG(35mm²) | M6 | +| {{ :media:tech:solarvilla:2awg_m6.png?direct&50 |}} | 2AWG(35mm²) | M6 | 
-| {{ :tech:2awg_m8.png?direct&50 |}} | 2AWG(35mm²) | M8 |+| {{ :media:tech:solarvilla:2awg_m8.png?direct&50 |}} | 2AWG(35mm²) | M8 |
  
  
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 The plant has been in operation since March 2022 and generates between 430KW and 500KW per month depending on the weather. The best day so far was in March with 24KW and the worst with 1.2KW in November. However, October and November are also the months with the most precipitation (see [[de:tech:rainsensor|rain sensor]]). The plant has been in operation since March 2022 and generates between 430KW and 500KW per month depending on the weather. The best day so far was in March with 24KW and the worst with 1.2KW in November. However, October and November are also the months with the most precipitation (see [[de:tech:rainsensor|rain sensor]]).
  
-{{ :tech:solar_generation_chart.png?direct&400 |Solar production 2022}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solar_generation_chart.png?direct&400 |Solar production 2022}}
  
 The specified values are not the really achievable ones, since the inverter regulates down when the batteries are full and the house demand is below the current production capacity. What should he do with the energy if nobody can take it. We have observed this effect a few times. Nevertheless, the solar panels are only completely self-sufficient in sunny weather. On average, we draw additional energy of approx. 100..200KW/month from the grid because our AirBnB guests keep the air conditioning in the guest room running almost continuously, which means that consumption is higher than forecasted above. The specified values are not the really achievable ones, since the inverter regulates down when the batteries are full and the house demand is below the current production capacity. What should he do with the energy if nobody can take it. We have observed this effect a few times. Nevertheless, the solar panels are only completely self-sufficient in sunny weather. On average, we draw additional energy of approx. 100..200KW/month from the grid because our AirBnB guests keep the air conditioning in the guest room running almost continuously, which means that consumption is higher than forecasted above.
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 Finally, the charging and discharging chart over three days. The batteries are charged from around 7:00 a.m. to around 6:00 p.m., after which the discharge begins. If the charge falls well below 20%, the grid will charge. Shown by the linear increase on the first and last night. Finally, the charging and discharging chart over three days. The batteries are charged from around 7:00 a.m. to around 6:00 p.m., after which the discharge begins. If the charge falls well below 20%, the grid will charge. Shown by the linear increase on the first and last night.
  
-{{ :tech:solar_charge.png?direct&400 |Solar battery charge/discharge}}+{{ :media:tech:solarvilla:solar_charge.png?direct&400 |Solar battery charge/discharge}}
  
  
en/tech/solarvilla.1719451660.txt.gz · Last modified: by bullar

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